FIN4

G0085

Threat group.View on attack.mitre.org

About this group

FIN4 is a financially-motivated threat group that has targeted confidential information related to the public financial market, particularly regarding healthcare and pharmaceutical companies, since at least 2013. FIN4 is unique in that they do not infect victims with typical persistent malware, but rather they focus on capturing credentials authorized to access email and other non-public correspondence.

Techniques used12

Procedure examples12

TechniqueProcedure example
T1056.001
Keylogging

FIN4 has captured credentials via fake Outlook Web App (OWA) login pages and has also used a .NET based keylogger.

T1056.002
GUI Input Capture

FIN4 has presented victims with spoofed Windows Authentication prompts to collect their credentials.

T1059.005
Visual Basic

FIN4 has used VBA macros to display a dialog box and collect victim credentials.

T1071.001
Web Protocols

FIN4 has used HTTP POST requests to transmit data.

T1078
Valid Accounts

FIN4 has used legitimate credentials to hijack email communications.

T1090.003
Multi-hop Proxy

FIN4 has used Tor to log in to victims' email accounts.

T1114.002
Remote Email Collection

FIN4 has accessed and hijacked online email communications using stolen credentials.

T1204.001
Malicious Link

FIN4 has lured victims to click malicious links delivered via spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts).

T1204.002
Malicious File

FIN4 has lured victims to launch malicious attachments delivered via spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts).

T1564.008
Email Hiding Rules

FIN4 has created rules in victims' Microsoft Outlook accounts to automatically delete emails containing words such as “hacked," "phish," and “malware" in a likely attempt to prevent organizations from communicating about their activities.

T1566.001
Spearphishing Attachment

FIN4 has used spearphishing emails containing attachments (which are often stolen, legitimate documents sent from compromised accounts) with embedded malicious macros.

T1566.002
Spearphishing Link

FIN4 has used spearphishing emails (often sent from compromised accounts) containing malicious links.

Software0

None recorded.

Campaigns0

None recorded.

References3

  1. FireEye FIN4 Stealing Insider NOV 2014 Open source
    Dennesen, K. et al.. (2014, November 30). FIN4: Stealing Insider Information for an Advantage in Stock Trading?. Retrieved November 17, 2024.
  2. FireEye Hacking FIN4 Dec 2014 Open source
    Vengerik, B. et al.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
  3. FireEye Hacking FIN4 Video Dec 2014 Open source
    Vengerik, B. & Dennesen, K.. (2014, December 5). Hacking the Street? FIN4 Likely Playing the Market. Retrieved January 15, 2019.

Data from MITRE ATT&CK® (Enterprise). ATT&CK® is a registered trademark of The MITRE Corporation.