PowerShell Loading DotNET into Memory via Reflection

Name:PowerShell Loading DotNET into Memory via Reflection
id:85bc3f30-ca28-11eb-bd21-acde48001122
version:19
date:None
author:Michael Haag, Teoderick Contreras Splunk
status:production
type:Anomaly
Description:The following analytic detects the use of PowerShell scripts to load .NET assemblies into memory via reflection, a technique often used in malicious activities such as those by Empire and Cobalt Strike. It leverages PowerShell Script Block Logging (EventCode=4104) to capture and analyze the full command executed. This behavior is significant as it can indicate advanced attack techniques aiming to execute code in memory, bypassing traditional defenses. If confirmed malicious, this activity could lead to unauthorized code execution, privilege escalation, and persistent access within the environment.
Data_source:

• -Powershell Script Block Logging 4104

search:`powershell` EventCode=4104
ScriptBlockText IN (
"*.LoadFrom(*",
"*.LoadModule(*",
"*.LoadWithPartialName*",
"*Reflection.Assembly.Load*",
"*Reflection.Assembly]::('daoL'[-1..-4] -join '')*",
"*Reflection.Assembly]::Load*",
"*ReflectionOnlyLoad*",
"*UnsafeLoadFrom*"
)

| fillnull
| stats count min(_time) as firstTime
max(_time) as lastTime
by dest signature signature_id user_id
vendor_product EventID Guid Opcode
Name Path ProcessID
ScriptBlockId ScriptBlockText

| `security_content_ctime(firstTime)`
| `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`
| `powershell_loading_dotnet_into_memory_via_reflection_filter`

how_to_implement:To successfully implement this analytic, you will need to enable PowerShell Script Block Logging on some or all endpoints. Additional setup here https://help.splunk.com/en/security-offerings/splunk-user-behavior-analytics/get-data-in/5.4.1/add-other-data-to-splunk-uba/configure-powershell-logging-to-see-powershell-anomalies-in-splunk-uba.
known_false_positives:False positives should be limited as day to day scripts do not use this method.
References:
  -https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.reflection.assembly?view=net-5.0
  -https://help.splunk.com/en/security-offerings/splunk-user-behavior-analytics/get-data-in/5.4.1/add-other-data-to-splunk-uba/configure-powershell-logging-to-see-powershell-anomalies-in-splunk-uba.
  -https://blog.palantir.com/tampering-with-windows-event-tracing-background-offense-and-defense-4be7ac62ac63
  -https://static1.squarespace.com/static/552092d5e4b0661088167e5c/t/59c1814829f18782e24f1fe2/1505853768977/Windows+PowerShell+Logging+Cheat+Sheet+ver+Sept+2017+v2.1.pdf
  -https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/investigating-powershell-command-and-script-logging/
drilldown_searches:
 name:'View the detection results for - "$dest$" and "$user_id$"'
 search:'%original_detection_search% | search dest = "$dest$" user_id = "$user_id$"'
 earliest_offset:'$info_min_time$'
 latest_offset:'$info_max_time$'
 name:'View risk events for the last 7 days for - "$dest$" and "$user_id$"'
 search:'| from datamodel Risk.All_Risk | search normalized_risk_object IN ("$$", "$user_id$") | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime values(search_name) as "Search Name" values(risk_message) as "Risk Message" values(analyticstories) as "Analytic Stories" values(annotations._all) as "Annotations" values(annotations.mitre_attack.mitre_tactic) as "ATT&CK Tactics" by normalized_risk_object | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)`'
 earliest_offset:'7d'
 latest_offset:'0'
analytic_story:['Winter Vivern', 'AgentTesla', 'AsyncRAT', 'Hermetic Wiper', 'Malicious PowerShell', 'Data Destruction', '0bj3ctivity Stealer', 'Hellcat Ransomware', 'Axios Supply Chain Post Compromise', 'VIP Keylogger']

asset_type:Endpoint

mitre_attack_id:['T1059.001']

product:['Splunk Enterprise', 'Splunk Enterprise Security', 'Splunk Cloud']

category:endpoint

security_domain:endpoint

tags:

tests:
 name:'True Positive Test'
 attack_data:
  data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1059.001/powershell_script_block_logging/reflection.log
  source: XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational
  sourcetype: XmlWinEventLog
 test_type:'unit'
manual_test:None