ATT&CKReferences

References

Reports, blog posts and papers that MITRE cites as evidence.

3865 references

CitationDescription
PWC Cloud Hopper Technical Annex April 2017PwC and BAE Systems. (2017, April). Operation Cloud Hopper: Technical Annex. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
PWC KeyBoys Feb 2017Parys, B. (2017, February 11). The KeyBoys are back in town. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
PWC Sea Turtle 2023PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, December 5). The Tortoise and The Malware. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
PWC WellMess C2 August 2020PWC. (2020, August 17). WellMess malware: analysis of its Command and Control (C2) server. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
PWC WellMess July 2020PWC. (2020, July 16). How WellMess malware has been used to target COVID-19 vaccines. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
PWC Yellow Liderc 2023PwC Threat Intelligence. (2023, October 25). Yellow Liderc ships its scripts and delivers IMAPLoader malware. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
Pacu Detection Disruption ModuleRhino Security Labs. (2021, April 29). Pacu Detection Disruption Module. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
Palo Alto ARPPalo Alto Networks. (2021, November 24). Cortex XDR Analytics Alert Reference: Uncommon ARP cache listing via arp.exe. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
Palo Alto Ashen Lepus DEC 2025Unit 42. (2025, December 11). Hamas-Affiliated Ashen Lepus Targets Middle Eastern Diplomatic Entities With New AshTag Malware Suite. Retrieved April 20, 2026.
Palo Alto Black-T October 2020Quist, N. (2020, October 5). Black-T: New Cryptojacking Variant from TeamTNT. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
Palo Alto Brute Ratel July 2022Harbison, M. and Renals, P. (2022, July 5). When Pentest Tools Go Brutal: Red-Teaming Tool Being Abused by Malicious Actors. Retrieved February 1, 2023.
Palo Alto CVE-2015-3113 July 2015Falcone, R. and Wartell, R.. (2015, July 27). Observations on CVE-2015-3113, Prior Zero-Days and the Pirpi Payload. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
Palo Alto Cloud RansomwareOfir Balassiano and Ofir Shaty. (2023, November 29). Ransomware in the Cloud: Breaking Down the Attack Vectors. Retrieved September 25, 2024.
Palo Alto ComnieGrunzweig, J. (2018, January 31). Comnie Continues to Target Organizations in East Asia. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Palo Alto DNS RequestsGrunzweig, J., et al. (2016, May 24). New Wekby Attacks Use DNS Requests As Command and Control Mechanism. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Palo Alto Gamaredon Feb 2017Kasza, A. and Reichel, D. (2017, February 27). The Gamaredon Group Toolset Evolution. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Palo Alto HeartCrypt DEC 2024Tujague, J., Bunce, D. (n.d.). Crypted Hearts: Exposing the HeartCrypt Packer-as-a-Service Operation. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
Palo Alto Howling Scorpius DEC 2024Zemah, Y. (2024, December 2). Threat Assessment: Howling Scorpius (Akira Ransomware). Retrieved January 8, 2025.
Palo Alto Latrodectus Activity June 2024Unit 42. (2024, June 25). 2024-06-25-IOCs-from-Latrodectus-activity. Retrieved September 13, 2024.
Palo Alto Lockbit 2.0 JUN 2022Elsad, A. et al. (2022, June 9). LockBit 2.0: How This RaaS Operates and How to Protect Against It. Retrieved January 24, 2025.
Palo Alto MidnightEclipse APR 2024Unit 42. (2024, April 12). Threat Brief: Operation MidnightEclipse, Post-Exploitation Activity Related to CVE-2024-3400 . Retrieved January 15, 2025.
Palo Alto MoonWind March 2017Miller-Osborn, J. and Grunzweig, J.. (2017, March 30). Trochilus and New MoonWind RATs Used In Attack Against Thai Organizations. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Palo Alto Networks BBSRATLee, B. Grunzweig, J. (2015, December 22). BBSRAT Attacks Targeting Russian Organizations Linked to Roaming Tiger. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
Palo Alto Networks Black Basta August 2022Elsad, A. (2022, August 25). Threat Assessment: Black Basta Ransomware. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
Palo Alto Networks GitHub Actions Worm 2023Asi Greenholts. (2023, September 14). The GitHub Actions Worm: Compromising GitHub Repositories Through the Actions Dependency Tree. Retrieved May 22, 2025.
Palo Alto Networks, Unit 42Robert Falcone. (2025, February 20). Stately Taurus Activity in Southeast Asia Links to Bookworm Malware. Retrieved July 21, 2025.
Palo Alto Office Test SofacyFalcone, R. (2016, July 20). Technical Walkthrough: Office Test Persistence Method Used In Recent Sofacy Attacks. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Palo Alto OilRig April 2017Falcone, R.. (2017, April 27). OilRig Actors Provide a Glimpse into Development and Testing Efforts. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Palo Alto OilRig May 2016Falcone, R. and Lee, B.. (2016, May 26). The OilRig Campaign: Attacks on Saudi Arabian Organizations Deliver Helminth Backdoor. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Palo Alto OilRig Oct 2016Grunzweig, J. and Falcone, R.. (2016, October 4). OilRig Malware Campaign Updates Toolset and Expands Targets. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
Palo Alto OilRig Sep 2018Wilhoit, K. and Falcone, R. (2018, September 12). OilRig Uses Updated BONDUPDATER to Target Middle Eastern Government. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
Palo Alto PlugX June 2017Lancaster, T. and Idrizovic, E.. (2017, June 27). Paranoid PlugX. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Palo Alto Prince of PersiaBar, T., Conant, S., Efraim, L. (2016, June 28). Prince of Persia – Game Over. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
Palo Alto Reaver Nov 2017Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J. (2017, November 10). New Malware with Ties to SunOrcal Discovered. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
Palo Alto RetefeLevene, B., Falcone, R., Grunzweig, J., Lee, B., Olson, R. (2015, August 20). Retefe Banking Trojan Targets Sweden, Switzerland and Japan. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
Palo Alto RoverRay, V., Hayashi, K. (2016, February 29). New Malware ‘Rover’ Targets Indian Ambassador to Afghanistan. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
Palo Alto Shamoon Nov 2016Falcone, R.. (2016, November 30). Shamoon 2: Return of the Disttrack Wiper. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
Palo Alto SharePoint Vulnerabilities JUL 2025Unit 42. (2025, July 31). Active Exploitation of Microsoft SharePoint Vulnerabilities: Threat Brief (Updated). Retrieved October 15, 2025.
Palo Alto Sofacy 06-2018Lee, B., Falcone, R. (2018, June 06). Sofacy Group’s Parallel Attacks. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
Palo Alto T9000 Feb 2016Grunzweig, J. and Miller-Osborn, J.. (2016, February 4). T9000: Advanced Modular Backdoor Uses Complex Anti-Analysis Techniques. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Palo Alto TeamPCP MAR 2026Unit 42. (2026, March 31). Weaponizing the Protectors: TeamPCP’s Multi-Stage Supply Chain Attack on Security Infrastructure. Retrieved July 1, 2026.
Palo Alto Unit 42 Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials 2022Dror Alon. (2022, December 8). Compromised Cloud Compute Credentials: Case Studies From the Wild. Retrieved March 9, 2023.
Palo Alto Unit 42 Domain Shadowing 2022Janos Szurdi, Rebekah Houser and Daiping Liu. (2022, September 21). Domain Shadowing: A Stealthy Use of DNS Compromise for Cybercrime. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
Palo Alto Unit 42 EKANSHinchliffe, A. Santos, D. (2020, June 26). Threat Assessment: EKANS Ransomware. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
Palo Alto Unit 42 Google Workspace Domain Wide Delegation 2023Zohar Zigdon. (2023, November 30). Exploring a Critical Risk in Google Workspace's Domain-Wide Delegation Feature. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
Palo Alto Unit 42 Medusa Group Medusa Ransomware January 2024Anthony Galiette, Doel Santos. (2024, January 11). Medusa Ransomware Turning Your Files into Stone. Retrieved October 15, 2025.
Palo Alto Unit 42 North Korean IT Workers 2024Evan Gordenker. (2024, November 13). Global Companies Are Unknowingly Paying North Koreans: Here’s How to Catch Them. Retrieved March 26, 2025.
Palo Alto Unit 42 OutSteel SaintBot February 2022 Unit 42. (2022, February 25). Spear Phishing Attacks Target Organizations in Ukraine, Payloads Include the Document Stealer OutSteel and the Downloader SaintBot. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
Palo Alto Unit 42 Shai-Hulud November 2025Justin Moore. (2025, November 25). "Shai-Hulud" Worm Compromises npm Ecosystem in Supply Chain Attack (Updated November 26). Retrieved April 9, 2026.
Palo Alto Unit 42 VBA Infostealer 2014Vicky Ray and Rob Downs. (2014, October 29). Examining a VBA-Initiated Infostealer Campaign. Retrieved March 13, 2023.

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