Procedure examples

Stuxnet encrypts exfiltrated data via C2 with static 31-byte long XOR keys.

HAWKBALL has encrypted data with XOR before sending it over the C2 channel.

FrameworkPOS can XOR credit card information before exfiltration.

StrongPity can compress and encrypt archived files into multiple .sft files with a repeated xor encryption scheme.

NETWIRE has used a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt collected data.

Machete's collected data is encrypted with AES before exfiltration.

Squirrelwaffle has encrypted collected data using a XOR-based algorithm.

Agent.btz saves system information into an XML file that is then XOR-encoded.

SombRAT has encrypted collected data with AES-256 using a hardcoded key.

FLASHFLOOD employs the same encoding scheme as SPACESHIP for data it stages. Data is compressed with zlib, and bytes are rotated four times before being XOR'ed with 0x23.

InvisiMole uses a variation of the XOR cipher to encrypt files before exfiltration.

Okrum has used a custom implementation of AES encryption to encrypt collected data.

Rising Sun can archive data using RC4 encryption and Base64 encoding prior to exfiltration.

Reaver encrypts collected data with an incremental XOR key prior to exfiltration.

FoggyWeb can use a dynamic XOR key and a custom XOR methodology to encode data before exfiltration. Also, FoggyWeb can encode C2 command output within a legitimate WebP file.

T9000 encrypts collected data using a single byte XOR key.

Data SPACESHIP copies to the staging area is compressed with zlib. Bytes are rotated by four positions and XOR'ed with 0x23.

BLUELIGHT has encoded data into a binary blob using XOR.

OopsIE compresses collected files with a simple character replacement scheme before sending them to its C2 server.

Attor encrypts collected data with a custom implementation of Blowfish and RSA ciphers.

RawPOS encodes credit card data it collected from the victim with XOR.

MESSAGETAP has XOR-encrypted and stored contents of SMS messages that matched its target list.

SUGARDUMP has encrypted collected data using AES CBC mode and encoded it using Base64.

OwaAuth DES-encrypts captured credentials using the key 12345678 before writing the credentials to a log file.

OSX_OCEANLOTUS.D has used AES in CBC mode to encrypt collected data when saving that data to disk.

RGDoor encrypts files with XOR before sending them back to the C2 server.

Ramsay can store collected documents in a custom container after encrypting and compressing them using RC4 and WinRAR.

FunnyDream has compressed collected files with zLib and encrypted them using an XOR operation with the string key from the command line or `qwerasdf` if the command line argument doesn’t contain the key. File names are obfuscated using XOR with the same key as the compressed file content.

metaMain has used XOR-based encryption for collected files before exfiltration.

ADVSTORESHELL compresses output data generated by command execution with a custom implementation of the Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) algorithm.

Modules can be pushed to and executed by Duqu that copy data to a staging area, compress it, and XOR encrypt it.